Insert the author’s name and year into your sentence to act as a signal phrase. This also means that you do not need an additional parenthetical citation. Using signal phrases to cite information means that you add the citation to your sentence(s).
Example of paraphrased information from multiple authors: Education embraced emotion research from psychology and argued that emotion affects learning (Efklides & Volet, 2005 Pekrun, 2006 Pekrun, Frenzel, & Peery, 2007).This is especially useful when many authors have similar arguments or have found similar results. Use semi-colons to demonstrate the use of multiple authors. Example paraphrased information: Some universities have developed laptop programs requiring students to either own or lease laptops (Fried, 2008).Paraphrased information does not require the use of page numbers. Example direct quote cited with a parenthetical citation with an author: Multimodal composing offers students opportunities to make meaning and communicate using affordances that “could expand that notion of control beyond words on a page” (Takayoshi & Selfe, 2007, p.If you’re directly quoting, then include page numbers. Example of citations following the first: (Anderson et al., 2006).Example of the first use: (Anderson, Atkins, Ball, Millar, Selfe, & Selfe, 2006).For each citation following the first, use the first author’s last name and “et al.” When citing three or more authors, include all of their names the first time you cite them. Example of citing two authors: (DePalma & Alexander, 2015).When citing two authors, include both of their names in each citation. Example of the use of an ampersand: (Kirchoff & Cook, 2016).When citing two or more authors in a parenthetical citation, use an ampersand (&) in place of the word “and.” Example of a parenthetical citation with no author: (“Cats are Great,” 2011).If there is no author, then place the source title (with quotation marks and title caps) and the year inside: Example of a parenthetical citation with an author: (Smith, 2010).If there is an author, then place the author’s last name and year of publication inside: When including parenthetical citations, be sure to place a comma between information and place a period after the parenthesis. It begins with parenthetical citations (those that use parentheses to denote citations in the text), moves into signal phrases citations (those that cite information within sentences), and concludes with a visual annotated example of in-text citations. The purpose of this section is to provide you with information and examples pertaining to APA style in-text citations.
British Columbia's carbon tax.Appendix A: Documentation Styles (MLA & APA) 53 Applying APA Citations: In-Text Citations Pricing carbon when we don't know the right price.
APA IN TEXT CITATION SIGNAL PHRASE HOW TO
The value of nothing: How to reshape market society and redefine democracy. Conflicting scientific opinion and uncertainties about climate change and its possible effect are huge, making the economic argument for strict GHG reductions far from clear (Pindyck, 2013, p. This theory ignores the fact that special interest groups, such as oil companies and known industrial polluters, are vocal in their opposition to governments asking for limits to the impact of carbon taxes. How is the price set for each tonne of gas emission? And what are the factors than influence the pricing?Īccording to Patel (2011)the theory behind carbon pricing is the assumption that the market will price it fairly. In British Columbia, our "carbon tax provides a signal across the economy to reduce emissions while encouraging sustainable economic activity and investment in low-carbon innovation" (Province of British Columbia, n.d., para. Here's a sample paragraph with in-text citations (bold is for emphasis only do not do this in your paper).
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